Schleiermacher divides theology generally into (1) philosophical, (2) historical, and (3) practical. To philosophical theology are assigned (1) apologetics, or the vindication of the divine revelation contained in the Scriptures, and the defense of the Christian system against all external or non-Christian attacks; and (2) polemics, or the establishment of Christian truth through the refutation of all heterodox systems, doctrinal heresies, and local or individual errors, as developed within the limits